Data sources
Primary data were collected through three ASTI institutional survey rounds in 2004-2005, 2008-2009, and 2018-2019.
Estimation procedures
- For a number of agencies, research staff and expenditure data were missing for certain years. These have been interpolated or in a few cases extrapolated.
- Expenditures for the higher-education agencies are estimates based on the average expenditures per researcher for the government agencies.
For general ASTI data procedures and methodology, please visit www.asti.cgiar.org/methodology