Country Name
Zambia
Data sources
Primary data were collected through six institutional survey rounds in 1984, 1993-1994 (under ISNAR’s “Indicators Series Project”), 2003-2004, 2008-2009, 2012-2013, and 2015-2016 (under ASTI). These data were combined with a number of secondary data sources:
Copperbelt University. 2010. School of Natural Resources academic staff. <www.cbu.edu.zm/schools/natural-resources/academicsta Accessed June 17, 2010.
For additional secondary sources that were used to construct the pre-1991 data series, see reference lists and appendices in Roseboom and Pardey (1995) Download PDF and Beintema, Castelo-Magalhaes, Elliot, and Mwala (2004) Download PDF.
Estimation procedures
- For a number of agencies, research staff and expenditure data were missing for certain years. These have been interpolated or in a few cases extrapolated.
- Expenditures for the higher-education agencies are estimates based on the average expenditures per researcher for the government agencies.
- Salaries and living expenses of many expatriate researchers working on donor-supported projects at the (often main) agricultural research agencies are paid directly by their respective agency. The average implicit costs of expatriate R&D staff were calculated in the early 1990s (see Appendix 2 in Roseboom and Pardey 1995), and have been extrapolated to more recent years using salary averages of a few CGIAR centers.
For general ASTI data procedures and methodology, please visit www.asti.cgiar.org/methodology
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